Like the next two entries, it can format citations in a host of specialized styles, including those required by journals like ACM Transactions on Computer Systems and Clinical Pediatrics. It excels at easily capturing bibliographic information from websites and library catalogs. It began as a Firefox extension, but is now also available in a standalone version. Zotero is a full-featured freebie from George Mason University.Bibliographic data has to be entered manually and they are somewhat limited in scope, but they can often get the job done. The latest versions of such programs as Microsoft Word and LibreOffice Write have the capability of creating citations and lists of works cited (bibliographies).I don’t have time to go over them in detail right now, but here are a few options: Some of the commercial programs, such as Endnote, may be free if you’re a student or professor at some schools. When in doubt, ask your instructor or, better yet, a librarian at your school or public library.ĭigital solutions, aka bibliographic management software, are readily available in both commercial and free varieties.Buying one is only necessary is if you’re writing a thesis or dissertation, or doing a lot of scholarly writing. These are usually available at library reference desks. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students & Researchers. Published style manuals, such as Kate L.They are particularly handy if you are doing citations manually for something like a term paper. A popular one is Purdue OWL, hosted by Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab. College libraries often provide online guides to using the school’s approved citation styles, which can also be illustrated with YouTube videos. There are several ways to get help doing citations for your paper or book. (Two spaces made sense in the days of typewriters, as it made manuscripts more legible today’s word processing programs, which generally use proportionally-spaced fonts, made this practice largely obsolete.) For the most part, though, they represent a set of conventions which makes communication easier. For instance, the APA Style Manual suggests using two spaces after a period, though most professional writers use only one. As Vickie noted yesterday, “Basically you must cite any time the question arises in the reader’s mind: How do you know that?”Ĭitation styles can sometimes seem rather arcane and petty. In academic and professional writing, it’s useful to remember, citations are designed to identify the sources of your information and/or ideas, including direct and indirect quotes (i.e., paraphrasing what someone else wrote). In any case, you need to follow the style as closely as possible, as it otherwise might hurt your grade. Sometimes, you may have a choice: I used to allow my students to pick between MLA, APA and Chicago/Turabian in such a case, select the one you are most comfortable with or perhaps flip a coin. The selection of a citation style for your term paper, dissertation or journal article is often easy: Use what your professor, academic department or publisher mandates. Like many college libraries, Purdue University OWL Online Writing Lab’s website provides much more than help in formatting citations.
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